Governor for steam-turbines.



W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.7, 1908.

1,05 9,387 Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

Fa a 3 2&2275ze66 61s fizz/e72 for W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 001m, 1909.

1,059,387; Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

6 SHBETSSHEET'2.

W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 0017, 190a.

1,059338'7, Patented .Apr. 22, 1913.

B SHEBTS'SEEET 3.

zd ey' 7Z6 7" 0% w had/w W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLIUATION FILED 0UT.7. 1908* Z er/zer 0% W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 0012.7, 1908.

6 SHEETS-SHEETS.

zd fr/eer W. OTT.

GOVERNOR FOR STEAM TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED 0076.7, 1908.

Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

6 SHEBTS SHEET 6.

iii-Eli r 0 a a Z 7% 10 w w 7 a fl {To all whom a .of the Republic ofswitz'erland resi Pil'sen, in Bohemia, Austria-Hungary ,inv'entedcertain new and useful 1 'ments in Regulatin .nors for Steam orsirarrnsjratrnnr curios. f

WERNER omrornnsnn, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, assrenon "ro mums or 'SKODA- WEB-KB,ax'rmnonssnnsonarr m rxnsnn," or irxnsnn, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

*eovisnmn .ron s'rnam-rrunnmns.

l Specific sue! of Letters Patent. "Application iuea'omm 1, mos. "seenHe. 456,563.

P'atente'd Apr. 22, 1913.

mag concern: Be 1t knownithat I, :WERNER ,O'rr," citizen f at aveApparatus or overas'Turbines, .of which a the followingisaspecification.

I high pressure'valve or higher .essa'ry, during the Thisinvent-io'nrelates to re lating apparatus or governors. for steam or gas turbinesof the type comprising a part driven. by- 'a high pressure medium andone or-more other parts driven. by a medium at :1 lower pressure.

bines, the low pressure portion of Insuch high and low pressureturdriven say for exampleby the exhaust steam from. high pressure steamengines of any kind workingintennittently or continuously and at a.definite counter pressureit is nect-ime in which such en- 'nes do notsupply sufiicient steam for drivmg the low pressure the turbine stagesof steam pressure w th live ,steam in the lesser quantity. of steam maybe .equa

iaeclr For thispurpose it is both the live steam regulating valve aswell addition to this both such, valves must beas the regulating valvefor the exhaust steam should be placed under the influence of the speedregulator or governor and in placed under the'influence'of an apparatuswhich is acted uponby ,the pressureiof the governoris only dependentupon the load of a the. machines 55 rent, or rotary... current the highpressure valve is distributed tocorrespond exhaust steam present.

exhaust steam from the primary engine and which, when the pressure ofthe" exhaust steam drops, more and more and-correspondingly opens sothat theload in-. side'the various stages of the whole turbine to thevolume of is toprovide. improved nism 'suitable to efi'ect -t Now the.objectaof the present invention is purpose and.

.whereby it is insured that even inthis combined regulation theposition-1 of the speed driven by ,the whole turbine,

that is to say-is quite independent of the dis- This is in rovewhichisportion, to supply the I necessary that closes the low pressure valveoverning mechagenerator and the electrical'machines are connected up toother generators, as in such arrangements the number of revolutions andconsequently" also the position of the regulator must be kept constantwhen there is a definite load on the i whole turbine.

Governors embodyingthis invention are.

illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.

r Figure 1 shows partly in side elevation and partly in'se'ctionaconstruction of governor mechanism in which the speed. regulator andthe pressure regulator act directly upon the valve mechanism. Fig. 2 isa diagrammatic representation of an arrangement in which the speedregulator acts upon the valve mechanism through a servo-motor,

while the pressure regulator acts directly upon it. V Fig. 3 is adiagram of an arrange ment in wh1ch-the speed regulator and the pressureregulator both act upon the valve mechanism through the agency of theserromotors. Figs. 4,5 and -6 are similar diagrams indicatingmodifiedconstructions.

The principle of the .present invention will be understood by referenceto Fig. 1 in which A indicates the regulating valve for the low pressuresteam, B the regulating valve'for the high pressure steam, and G thespeed regulator. The steam passes through the valves in the mannerindicated by the arrows. The speed regulator acts upona lever 1 througha lever 3 mounted to rock about a pivot 2 and connected by a rod 5 tothe lever 1 at an intermediate point 4. A rod 6 is connected with oneend b of the lever 1 and transmits its movement to a lever 7 rigidlymounted upon a rocking pin 8 pivoted in the low pressure throttle valvecasing 12. 'A lever 13 within the easing 12.is also rigidly fixed on therocking pin 8 and pivotally connected at 9 to the low pressure steamthrottling device comprising a stem carrying'two disk valves 10 and 11.The movements of the opposite end b of the lever 1 are transmitted tothe high pressure throttlevalve -16 in a similar way by a rod 18 and thelevers'le and 19.; Thehigh pressure regulating valve 15-16 is pressedconstantly against its seat constitutes a relatively fixed: point about,whieh-the lever 1 can oscillate, Instead of a 4 spring a weigh't.may'.beemployed. A

piston 20 is arranged to move easily but inan air tight manner withinthe casing of the low pressure steam regulating valve A, 5 theundersideof the piston being exposed to' the' pressure of the incoming" exhauststeam and the top of the piston being actedupon by an ad'ustable spring21. The piston 20- is provi ed with a eentrallyhrranged stem..2 f,which, .when the piston-is in, its lower position,presse's down'thestern of the double seat valve l0- 11,- while, when the v Pistonisjn its g est position the valve;- s completely released and isthereforeonly.

forced up by the pressure of the -exhaust" steam and, as described,,.completelyre- "leases the lo'wpressure' 'valve 11.-; Thespring 17 -onthe other hand, forces the high pressure valve 1 5-16 downonto its aseat so'that the -end of the -'lever 1 is in w its lowest position and;constitutes the -cen- 'ter 40f oscillatidn ofthe leverand, onthe.--movement of the ,regulator C out of its highest; position indicatedby? 1" into the "lowest position indicated by 1 the lever 1 V willbeshifted from its position 5 to'the 35 position- 5 v and the lowpressure valve 10511will-pass from the completely closed v positioi'iinto the position of maximum open- W'hcxi the quantity of exhaust steam's suflicient the full regulator stroke 1 to 321! therefore correspondsto the transition of the load on the-turbine from',zero load to fullload. f

The conditions shown in Fi 1 correspond tofthe' position of theregulationfor 4-5; a mean load, in which case the rods and le vers aresituated inla'centra'l position; If

\now, with this load o1'1the turbine, the sup-.

1y of exhaust steam decreases to such an extent that it is no .longersufiicient' for the duty ofv the turbine, the pressure of the,inconiing' exhaust steam falls, the piston 20 is relieved'of loadandis"thereupon *moved Iddwnwardly hy, the spriiig 211j-until equilibriumisagain/established between the spring pressure above and the steampres- I sure.belowL L Immediate'ly the piston spin- .dle 2O strikes,against the spindl'e'of' the i 1 regu'lating'valve, 10+1 1 this'valve,on the i I'further, ,dowm'vard movement" of the piston 20,;willhe forceddownward with consid-, 1 lerablellforee; that j to say will be closedmore and more; At [the same time the end -of.;tl-1felever ,1; will be[forced "downwardly 'da'the? levereansedtof 'ock about tliepoint i reawhich, with alf on i a t, lo on the fall;

' its lowest position '1 It is easy 'tolprove and is therefore quite,il'idependentfof .Lthe' gine producing a constant-number ofrevolut'ionsf'of the regulator C, constitutes a fixed point, Thismovement causes the high pressure valve to be opened in an extent thatgradually increases in proportion as the crosssectional areas of passagein the .IlOW pressure valve become reduced: It is obviously assumed herethat the spring 21 "ji's able to overcome the power of the spring 17 andthat on the other hand the speed regulator C is .sufiiciently powerfulto take up the back thrust of' the valve gear. i The downward-movementof the piston 20 continnes until the Withdrawal of exhaust steam iscaused to correspond by throttling to the supply of steam from theprimary 7 engines so that the pressure canno longer If for example thesupply of exhaust stea'm ceases entirely the pressure falls' until thevalve 1011 is closed, that isto say until the lever l hasbeen rockedon'thewpivot 4;"

into the position 5., 6.. -The highpressure part of -'ther-turbineorthehigh pressure steam alone has now accordingly-taken over themomentarywork of the whole 'turbine,' p without any mOVementoftheposition of the speed regulator being necessary,' f-The'; load hastherefore been transferred, at a jper f feetly constant number; of 1revolutions, from the low pressure turbine part to the high gg pressureturbine part. I11 vthe position, 5 or many other desired positionoftheend' b of the lever Lbetween' 5 and 5. ,'the lever end 6 incontra'distin'c'tion to the previously deseribed case and iv1th a changeof load wliichj is connected with ,a change: in; the n'imberoflrevolutions, constitutes a pointof oscillation for the lever, so thatnow so'long as the pressure ofnthe low pres sure steam remains constantwhen the speedregulator is moved it is the movement of thehigh pressurevalve only which is controlled, during which time that of the low 1pressurevalve.remains consta1'1t;" in the final. no

position o oflthe low pressure valved-eds; and. levers in particular thetransitio i fof the load on the turbine-fr'oin zero to 'fullfiloadfagain corresponds to the movement of; i the regulator from itshighestpositioniliEto thatgthe position of'jthe regulator is onlydependent upon'the load on the turbine in every intermediate positioi'"f'the piston 20 pressure a of i the exhaust steam.

y The remaining"figures of the draiviii s illustrate, by way dffexaniplephow theahoiie;

de cribed conditio'ns.lca11 be fulfilledby the M use of a servo-niotonjp p v I '.1-n the arrangement shown in Fig."2,"j'i111 which the speedregula'tor C does not act directly upon the valve-f mechanism hut- Vthrough theagency of a "sori o lnotor, irliile y thepressure"regulator;as in lf 'igj 1," arts filirectlvon the valvemechanism, the reg connecting said levers upon the controllingvalve 24of the servo-motor, which bymeans of: the pi es 25, 26 and 27 28communicateswith t eiservo-motor cylinder- 29.

The piston 30 of the servo-motor, acts ,throu 'htheconnectin rod 31,lever 1 inter-me 'ately pivoted t ereto,rod' 6, andle vers 7 and 13 uponthe .low pressure regu 'lating valve A, or by means of rod 18 and Ylevers 14 and 19. upon the high pressure yalve B and the regulation isaccomplished in a manner exactly 'similarto that shown 1. After thecontrolling valve 24 has been moved over to an extreme position by themovement of the piston :of the servomotor it will be brought backagaininto its central position by the lever 22, in the usual Way- -Asshown'in Fig. 3 both the pressure regulator as .well as the speedregulator may be arranged to act upon the valve mechanism by means of'servo-motors. In this case the valve mechanism is. influenced by thespeed regulator in amanner exactly similar to that shown in Fig.2., Thepressure regulating piston 20 is, in comparison to the formerconstructional example, still only a receiver, but transmits itsmovement through the rod 32 attached to the piston and lever 35 tothe-controlling valve 36, through which the servo-mater is .WOI'kECL; Inthis casealso the servo-motor piston 38 is not rigidly con-,

nected to the regulating rods and levers, but

leaves them completely free as long as the accumulator. pressure issufii ciently high, whichin this case corresponds to-the lowestposition'of the servo-motor piston 38. The

controllingvalve 36is not returned by the piston rod of'the servo-motor,but by a connecting rod 34attached to the levers 7 and 35. In this waythe controlling valve 36 of the, pressure regulator is kept constantlyin motion by the speed regulation deviceand the necessity of moving itback to its central position after each operation is thus avoided.

.As long as the accumulator pressure is sufiiciently high thecontrolling valve is moved upwardly out of its central position in everyposition of the speedregulator 'so' that the upper side'of the piston ofthe servo-motor piston 38 is underoil pressure and completely frees thepiston rod 39. from the valve mechanism. If the pressure in theaccumulator'ialls the controlling valve is gradually brought into itscentral position and only moved downwardly from the central position ona further fall in pressure so that the under side ofthe servo-motorpiston 38 isthen under oil pressure and 1s thrust upwardly thereby. Ashowever the return of tl controlling valve is notdirectly effected byjthe servo-motor, the underside of the piston of'the servo-motor remainsunder oil pressuren gtil the rod 39istrikes against wardly andtherebyfirstly acts upon t e= valve mechanism in the manner describedand secondly moves the valve 36 into its central position. r .3

In the constructional form shown in Fig. 4 the regulator lever. 1 isagain connected to the speed regulator C at the point 4 through the rod5 and lever 3, but the controlling valves 36, 24 for the servo-motors37, 29 of the low pressure valve A andthe high pressure. valve Brespectively are attached directly to opposite ends of the lever 1 byrods 23 and 33. In this construction the casings 40, 41 of thecontrolling valves are themselves movable and are connected to thepiston rods 43 and 43 of.the servo-motor cylinders 37 and 29 by levers42 and 44 respectively; By means of a blade spring 46 or someothersuitable spring or weight adapted to press the end I) of the leverldownwardly-toward its lowest position the lower end of the servo-motorcylinder 29 is normallyunder oil pressure and the piston of theservo-motor is accordingly in its highestposition, that isto say thehigh pressure regulating valve B is in its closed position. T he end I)of the lever 1 at such times thereforeconstitutes the point ofoscillation of the lever-1 and the movement of the speed regulator istransmitted to the low pressure valve A in the following manner: hen thesleeve of the speed regulator moves up wardly the controlling valve 36will first be moved downwardly, so that by means of the flexibleconnecting pipes 47-48 and 4950 respectively, the underside of theservomotor cylinder 37 will be put into communication with oil underpressure and the upper side withthe exhaust pipe. The piston, 38

of the servo-motor cylinder 37 will therefore be forced upwardly as willalso the connecting rod6 pivoted to the lever 77 of the low pressurevalve 10-1 1, so that said valve will be moved toward its closingposition and, by means ofthe lever 42, the casing 40 of the controllingvalve will be drawn downward, the result of which will be the cuttingoff of the oil passages and therefore the re turn of the valve gear. Thepiston 18" which is located in a pressure regulating cylinder 51isloaded by the pressure of the spring 19 on the one side and on theother side is'in communication with the accumulator pressure by thebranch 52. So long as the accumulator pressure is above a certainamount, the piston 18 being raised, its rod 45 remains off the end b ofthe rod 23,.and thus thecontrolling valve 36 is only subjected to theaction of the governor C.

through the levers 3, 5 and 1. But when the accumulator pressure falls,the rod 45 sinks down until it comes into contact 'with the end b of therod The controlling valve,

pivotal attachment to the rods-connecting them to-the levers 42 and 44respectively.

In the constructional form shown in. Fig.

I there are mountedupon rods 55 and 54 of the low pressure regulating.valve A and the hlgh pressure regulating a valve B, respecti-Vely,pistons 38*.and 30",- Which are sub-' jecteol to the action of springs55, 56; Above the pistons oil under a definite pressure is I admittedthrough branches 57, 58 and the and 14: attached to the respective cocks63 Valve 13 thereby closed. :The lever end Z) .i regulating apparatus 51is providedythe construction of'wvhich can be readily understood.fronrthe previous descriptionWithout 'fur supply is regulatedby=therigidlyadjusted throttling cocks 59 and- 60 and the exhaust bymeans of throttling cocks 63 and 6 1 re'- spectively "ivorked by thespeed regulator C and the members 3,5, 1, 6, 18 and levers 7" and 64s.The end I) of the lever 1 is con-f stantly' pressed downwardly by aspring 17 a and the cook 64; thereby closed, so that the exit of theoilunder pressure is prevented and the piston 5 0 isforced downwardly bythe pressure of the oil and the high pressure therefore forms the pointof oscillation for the lever 1 and the speed regulatoracts only upon thelow .pressureregulating valve in such wise that when for example thenumber of revolutions drops the cock 63 is opened to 'a greater extent,whereby the pressure ofthe oil above the piston 38* decreases and thevalve A is opened to a greater extent by the spring 55. In addition tothis av pressure thcr explan'ation. 52 is the branch for connection tothe source of-the exhaust steam andit Will be'se'e'ntliat on thedecrease of the accumulator pressure the coclr 63' and thereby;v the lowpressure valve A is closed --morejand more and on the other hand thecook 64 and thereby thehigh pressure valve .B will be'opened to agreater extent. This arrangement therefore again insuresthatlesse'xl'iaust steam and more -llVG steam Wlll beusedi I i-g 6 is adiagram illustrating the Way in which the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 canbemodified to operate three or'inoi'e valves. The actuating levers 7 and75101 the re spectivelow pressure-valve A and the intermediate pressurevalve D are connected by rods 6 and- 7 6-to a rocking lever 65, thepivotal point 66 of which issuspended by lthe pivotal point at of this;lever is attached by 1 means of the rod- 5 sea :lever 3 to the speedmally closed,

that the end d of theilever 65-yvillibecoh1e;

and neversimultaneously, ands ,ressure use tween:

regulator C,,ivhile at the end-650i lever l the actuating lever'14ofithe high pressureyelzve B is connectedhy. a rod "18 to theme-e1.

The high pressure valve is pressed, against its seat by the s jpring 17?so that itis' norw-m he. pistons 20" andujfifllof the valves Aland D arel'oaded on the one hand by. springs 55? and 69nan'don the other i handare subjected toE the-steam' pressure-M. of the corresponding-{stagesthroughflttherm branches 52 2.111170; If-ther'e is enough ex-x;

haust steam of the lowest pressure available and on the other.handlittle stearnnf? intermediate pressure the valves D I andv B will beclosed by tl e springs 69 and '17' the pointofoscillation'andthe speed rgu'- I lator C vwill act only iuponthe-lowpress'ure l e A. It then thepressure of the inten, mediate steam pressure; rises the val-ve D willbe slightly'openedyvhereas the valve-A will be slightly-closed It" is.assumed'here also that the speed regulatmr {I is in a position to takeup the backthrus-tarisingfrom these "spring forces, which can. be 1attained at all times bythe interposition of servomotors. -ln'thismanner moreiintermediate pressure steam will be Withdraw 'nthe nev rposition, which corresponds p'letely to the requirements for whenenoughFi-n diate pressure steam is 'avail'able; from engine it is moresuitable to theupurpose v utilize this intermediate pressure steam and vto let the "low' pressure steam goz ilt ';can easily be deduced fromwhathas been; ere; inbefore stated that on. the interri ption the supplyof low pressure-steam;the'f'endi d of the lever 65 becomes-the point; ers -11,

lation of saidleverand when thespeed regulator is'inoved iton'lycontrols theinte'rme diate pressure valve D. H both ithe source ofinteriii'ediate press'urflstearii and g'the source" of'low pressuresteamfail, -eitheri wholly or partially, the poWerof-the spring lf nill beovercome by tl egcohibined"action of the powersof. the springs 55* and69".,andl" val ve B will be correspondiiigly opened Claims: v a 3;: II 1. Aregulating apparat v comprisinga high pressure-inductionvalve bythis ni'eans'the high pressh'1fe;regulatiiigg=;

' 1* eng nes,

and a low pressureinductionfvalvdra speed regulator acting on saidvalves-separately regulator acting, directlygon *oiilyi o ,e Yalve. 2.Afi regulating apparatus for engines; comprisinga high pressureinduction valve and a; low pressure induction valve, a speedregulatorconnected to both valves'forg operating either independently, apressure' r 3 latoroperatedby low pressure exhauststeania- I forautomatically opening and closing: one

or both of said valves, the movements; de-v. pending on thechangeofloadand change of pressure of exhauststeam and'auxiliary .1 3 pgiro apparatus'controlled by said speed and pressure regulators forvarying the volume of steam passing through saidvalves- '3."A-regulating apparatus for engines,

comprising a high pressure induction valve and a low pressure inductionvalve, a speed regulator connected to both valves, :1 pres-' sureregulator acting on only one valve, and a connection between both valvesfor moving the other valve when the former valve is i moved by thepressure regulator.

4, A regulating apparatus for engines,

comprising a high pressure induction valve and a low pressure inductionvalve, a pres sure regulator acting onenly one valve, and i a speedregulator acting either on the low pressure or on the high pressure alveindependently, according to the position of the pressure regulator.

5. A regulating apparatus for'engines,

, comprisinga high pressure induction valve,

and a low pressure induction valve, a speed.

regulator connected to said valves but never operating both valvessimultaneously, a pressure regulatorvacting directly on the low pressurevalve, and means .for interrupting the action of the pressure'regulatoron the low pressure valve so long as the pressure of the lowpressure steam suflicient.

6. A regulating apparatus for engines,

comprising ahigh pressure induction valve and a low pressure inductionvalve, a speed and never simultaneously, a pressure regulator acting drectl only on the low; ressure valve, means or interrupting saiacregulator acting on said valves separately tion when the pressure ofthe low pressure,

yalve is not operated by the pressure reguator.

7. A regulating apparatus for; engines, comprising a high pressureinduction valve and a low pressure induction valve, aspeed regulatorconnected to said valves but never steam is sufficient, and means forclosing the high pressure valve when the low pressure operating; bothvalves simultaneously, a

. steam is sulhcient, and means for closing the high pressure valve whensaid action ceases.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing witnesses. u

I 1 WERNER OTT.

- Witnesses: i

SAMUEL KLOTSCHKO, AUGUST F'ueonn. I

